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This book focuses on observing and understanding the urban planning
and relevant development patterns applied to the creation of urban
districts against the backdrop of the current rapid urbanization
and transformation of Shanghai on its way to becoming a world city.
Based on a review of the four stages of city evolution, a series of
case studies on typical urban districts through the city's building
history to date points out key issues in connection with current
developments. Three rapidly developing districts in Shanghai are
studied with regard to alternative urban planning and design
solutions, and further opinions from other perspectives including
city government, real estate development and professional
education, reveal challenges in the practical implementation of
changes. This book indeed provides an approach to in-depth
observation and understanding of urban planning and current
development patterns at the medium scale of Chinese urbanization
for those from academic, professional, investment, public
administration and related circles who would like to join the urban
transformation process.
This collection features five peer-reviewed reviews on ensuring the welfare of laying hens. The first chapter highlights the key welfare issues in poultry housing and management, focussing on the use of conventional cages to house laying hens. The chapter then explores the emergence of enriched cages and cage-free housing, as well as the benefits and risks of each system on bird health and welfare. The second chapter reviews the range of welfare issues affecting free range laying hens. The chapter also highlights the need to improve current understanding of how laying hens behave in free range systems to be able to adequately meet their health and welfare needs. The third chapter discusses the use of beak trimming methods, as well as the welfare concerns that arise as a result of their use. The chapter highlights alternative strategies to reduce the need for these practices which are known to incur acute pain. The fourth chapter reviews the impact of housing and management systems on the skeletal and cognitive development of laying hens. It discusses how nutrition and housing can be optimised to reduce the occurrence of bone health issues. The final chapter reviews current research on the genetics of behavioural traits in poultry, focussing on how breeding can be optimised to reduce aggressive behaviour in laying hens.
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